Showing posts with label arthur lydiard marathon training run faster. Show all posts
Showing posts with label arthur lydiard marathon training run faster. Show all posts

Tuesday, 13 April 2010

How to dramatically improve your running performance by focusing on breathing!

breath

better.

Run longer,

Simple

Learn to breathe with your diaphragm, practice it all the time until it becomes a natural reflex.
Came across this great article on Steve magn
ess's twitter site CLICK HERE
Anyway on a session of 20 x 400m i decided to check my breathing, I found i was only breathing into my upper chest, after changing to breathing deep into my belly i noticed the following;
I felt stronger and more relaxed.
Able to keep my pace going with less effort.
Recovered faster after each effort.
AWESOME RESULT!

Optimal breathing for runners CLICK HERE
I've never really thought about mybreathing when running before but after doing some research I've found that belly breathing increases the amount of oxygen to the body and muscles and hence increasing performance.


20 x 400m
Felt really strong on the session, I was only meant to go up to 10k pace [5.44] but soon found myself hitting 5.25 pace and faster, in fact I finished the session feeling like I could have run another 20 efforts!

Wednesday, 4 November 2009

EVER FELT LIKE YOU WOULD BE FASTER RUNNING BACKWARDS?


Physical Benefits of Backward Running

CLICK HERE

World Records for Backwards Running

CLICK HERE

LEARN HOW TO RETRORUN
CLICK HERE

Thanks to JON for links

Thursday, 8 October 2009

Why tempo runs and sprint training are so important in your quest to run faster

Arthur Lydiard's training plans include a fair few Time Trials or Tempo runs as well as quite a bit of sprint training, here are some of the scientific reasons why they work!

How to Offset Muscle Fatigue , The other limiting factor

CLICK HERE

Tuesday, 29 September 2009

6 mile tempo run comparison test, I KICK MY OWN BUTT!

CLIEVES HILL 6 MILE TEMPO RUN
Running in the Zone!
I chose the Clieves hill circuit to do my planned tempo run, the weather was not looking to good with strong blustery winds and heavy leaden Sky's. I parked at the top of the hill and ran a lap to get warmed up, the legs felt sluggish at first but they came around before I'd finished the 3 mile lap. I'd seen a running video yesterday that reckoned that it was important to keep your head up and dropping your head down would reduce your speed, I'd noticed as I ran that my natural style was to drop my head down and if I LIFTED MY HEAD MY SPEED INCREASED, COOL I'LL WORK ON THIS! I kicked straight into the session as I set off on 2 laps which included 2 x up the 3/4 mile hill. I felt quite strong once I got going and remembered what Canute had said about concentrating on the moment and not letting your mind drift on to negative thoughts such as how I'd feel on the second lap etc, It seemed to work and despite the strong winds I went through the end of the first lap faster than last month, into the second lap I powered down the hill then worked hard to maintain pace into the strong wind, a couple more minutes and I took a left turn and got some shelter from the wind. Soon I was out on to the main road with the wind on my back with my speed reaching 10.6 mph before the gradual uphill took its toll! One more left turn and I was on my final climb up Clieves hill, pumping my knees up the hill I tried to lift my effort to the finish. I looked at the Garmin and was pleased to see I'd run 11 seconds per mile faster than a month ago!
Now, if I had a time machine I could go back in time a month and kick my own butt By a whopping minute and 6 secs!
'
6 miles Clieves hill circuit in 37.44, 6.17 pace, max speed 12.8 mph, plus warm up and cool down = 1.17

RYAN HALL on Mental Training;
RH: I am still learning a lot about the mental side of training and racing. What I am focusing a lot of lately is just being in the moment. I, and I think all runners, have a tendency to think too much. Whether it is worrying about Heartbreak Hill, thinking about what a competitor is doing, or get flustered because the last mile split was too slow, we all have a tendency to have our mind cluttered with a lot of junk. I am learning to clean out the trash and just be where I am and poor myself into the step I am about to take. I find that I get more out of myself when my mind isn't cluttered with so much garbage.

Friday, 25 September 2009

Training the Lydiard Way A podcast with Olympic marathon medalist Lorraine Moller

Training the Lydiard Way

A podcast with Olympic marathon medalist Lorraine Moller
By Scott Douglas

CLICK ON PHOTO FOR PODCAST,interesting stuff!

Sunday, 2 August 2009

GROUP TRAINING IN THE HILLS

http://www.westlancsdc.gov.uk/images/leisure_huntershill1_07.jpg
Sat
1st
It
was great to have company in the form of Eddie and Paul on my Arthur Lydiard type long hill run. We started off from Parbold and blasted over 4 climbs, the route was a combination of road and off road. Eddie had a tough time what with bladder problems and a serious wasp sting that nearly had him going to hospital. I asked Paul to set the pace over the final 5 mile roller coaster loop, Paul duly obliged with a pace that had Eddie fighting to stay in contact.
The sight of Eddie sprawled out on the pavement at the end was a sight to behold [ sadly we have no pictures of the event].
All in all we covered 14.46 miles over tarmac, grass, dirt and even some ankle deep mud that made Eddie's new shoes look well and truly worn in. = 1 hour 58 mins
Training for the week
Mon
Grass tack session with the club plus long warm up and warm down
= 1.49

Tue
Sandhill 6 with Eddie, total time = 1.12
Wed
Sandhill 6 with 4 min fast 1 min easy all the way round, 36.47, plus warm up and warm down. total = 0.59 mins

Thur
Sandhills easy = 1.35
Fri
Easy sandhills then 4 x wind up sprints on the road = 48 min

Sat
Group Parbold run, steady = 1.58
Sun
easy sandhill 6 = 1.07

Monday, 11 May 2009

INCREASE ENERGY RETURN AND RUN FASTER!

Here is a video showing you how to improve your energy return and at the same time reduce the stress on your calf muscles, I've been using this method myself for a couple of months with good results! GIVE IT A TRY AND TELL ME WHAT YOU THINK!

Wednesday, 15 April 2009

NEW TEMPO RUN P.B.


Strong swirling, gusting winds had me thinking sub 6 mile pace would be impossible on todays recommended tempo run. But I fair old blasted round to a new course record, maybe the warm temperature helped me or maybe I'm just getting a whole lot stronger.


Here is my progress.

15th April 3.12 miles, 18.18, 5.52 pace
25th March 3.01 miles, 18.29, 5.57 pace
26th Feb 2009 3.13 miles, 18.40, av 10.1mph, 5.58 pace, max speed 11.7
2nd Jan 2009
3.01 miles, 18mins 39 sec , av 9.7 mph, 6.11 pace

28th Dec 3.00 miles, 19.02, 9.4 av, 6.21 pace
6th Dec 3.01 miles, 19.05, 9.5 av, 6.20 pace

Tue 14th
I ran a interval session in the pinewoods along the Fisherman's path with Tracey and John Sprackland. I have used this session many times over the last ten years, so I guess it can give me a good indication of how fit I am.
6 x Fisherman's path 0.57 miles, orange; downhill, green; uphill;
1/ 0.57 m, 5.40 pace, 10.5 av mph = 3.15
2/ 0.57m, 5.38 pace, 10.6 mph, 12.8 mph max = 3.11
3/ 0.57m, 5.23 pace, 11.1 mph, 13.9 max = 3.03
4/ 0.56m, 5.34pace, 10.8 mph, 12.7 max = 3.07
5/ 0.56m, 5.19 pace, 11.3 mph, 13.8 max = 2.59
6/ 0.56, 5.43 pace, 10.5 mph, 11.9 max =3.11
CONCLUSION; Felt strong and in control of the session, my times are close to when I could race ten miles in 57.30-58.30 mins.
Mon 13th
Spent 30 mins running round the old reclaimed tip measuring a new course with Brian Grice for the clubs New 5 k race series its going to be called
'The Rubbish 5k.'
I then joined in the the club run and we ran over the sand dunes. Total time = 1.45

Tuesday, 7 April 2009

SUPER FAST KILLER WORKOUT, RUNNING IN THE FOOT STEPS OF A WORLD CHAMPION


I ran for an hour before meeting up with the club in the pinewoods, they left it to me to set the session so I used one of the sessions I use to do with super vet Steve James [ ex age group world champion and world v 60 5 k record breaker] , over ten years ago when I first started training with Steve I remember doing a mile and a half loop inside the woods which included quite a few short steep hills, we would run 5 efforts each lap with very short recoveries [ about 20 secs fast jogging!] and do 5 laps, it was a killer and the first time I ran it with him I blew spectacularly after only two laps!
I stuck with it and within 6 months my 10k time dropped from 38 mins down to 35.14 and I ran my first marathon in 2 hours 49 mins! and Steve went on to smash the world v 60 5 k record with 16 .22, Tonight I toned down the session to just 4 efforts per lap and only 3 laps , I didn't want to scare people off! Anyway the fartleck session went really well and it was good fun bombing up and down the hills!
I ran back with Rob who decided he needed even more speed work and shot off to run a series of 1/2 mile efforts, I left him to it as I was feeling pretty tired after my fast tempo run the day before, I finished with 2 hours and 24 mins.
Mon 7th
Ran the Sandhill 6 hard! 34.45 plus ran down to the start and back, total = 58 mins

Wednesday, 1 April 2009

THE IMPOSSIBLE IS POSSIBLE, IF YOU BELIEVE!


'BACK FROM THE DEAD'
ON THE SANDHILL'KILLER' 6
Runners World recommended a 5 mile tempo run today.
Back in 2005 I used the sandhill 6 loop as a regular tempo run, getting down to a course record of 33.56, since then I have never got close to that time [36.32 last year] after hearing that Jon had smashed his year best time yet again on the sandhill 6 [49.30, 10 minutes improvement so far this year!] I decided to attack my own p.b. despite tired legs I got down to business and quickly got into a good rhythm, hitting the hillside direction post after 12 mins, the big sand dunes come in the second half, little dipper and then the notorious 'BIG DIPPER' guaranteed to turn your legs to jelly, I ran the first section quite strongly but I was suffering on the big dunes, next was the crocodiles back, the last of the hills, now I could pick up speed, concentrating on redlining, giving it every last bit of energy, past THE ROYAL BIRKDALE CLUB HOUSE, and now the final section across a field back to the start.
I stop my Garmin and look down in disbelief , Wow 34.31! my fastest time in 4 years!!!

I head for home, the quads have blown again! so its a slow painful jog , maybe on fresh legs A new record might be on, kind of amazing seeing that I'm now 48 years old.

'THE IMPOSSIBLE, IS POSSIBLE, IF YOU BELIEVE'!
Sandhill 'Killer 6 Loop, The Route CLICK HERE

Evening
Ran down with Tess to meet club for a enjoyable run, Tess had a big smile on her face as she bounded along with the group! = 40 mins
Thur 2nd
Beautiful day to be out running, Tess and me ran the sandhill 6 in reverse, strange how running a route in the opposite direction opens up a whole new world!
Great to be outside in the sun and fresh air, my mind and soul are refreshed. = 1.15
Fri 3rd
Easy run with Jon on the sandhill 6, finished with 3 downhill sprints. = 56 mins

Thursday, 26 February 2009

SUB 6 MINUTE TEMPO RUN


I've started to follow the RUNNERS WORLD LONDON MARATHON TRAINING PROGRAM designed by past London winner Mike Grafton, todays session was a 3 mile tempo run. Using the same course as I've been running since before Christmas, setting off at 10 mph into a stiff headwind I felt quite strong, After 1 mile I reached the Trafalgar rd hill, fighting the wind and the gradient had my speed slipping below 10 mph but the return home once past Hillside had my tempo lift to sub 6 pace with the last half mile in around 5.20 pace . My finishing average 10.1 mph shows a massive improvement from my first tempo run in December.
Here is my progress.
26th Feb 2009 3.13 miles, 18.40, av 10.1mph, 5.58 pace, max speed 11.7
2nd Jan 2009
3.01 miles, 18mins 39 sec , av 9.7 mph, 6.11 pace

28th Dec 3.00 miles, 19.02, 9.4 av, 6.21 pace
6th Dec 3.01 miles, 19.05, 9.5 av, 6.20 pace
Tonights tempo run was in fact my fastest since I got the Garmin in the summer of 2007!
Last summer my best tempo 5 k run was at 9.6mph despite running 22.38 in a 4 mile race, there is a big difference between training and racing!
Wed 25th easyrun, big sandhills = 1.35
Tue 24th long run inc club fartlek session, progression over the last 2 miles home 9-10 then 11 mph = 18.3 miles , 2 hours 18 mins
Mon
run to college and back 17.56

Conclusion; last weeks easy week has done me a world of good!

Tuesday, 27 January 2009

RUN FASTER, HAVE THE RIGHT NAME!


HAVING THE RIGHT NAME IS VERY IMPORTANT IF YOU WANT TO RUN FAST, SOME NAMES JUST DON'T MAKE THE GRADE!
IF you want to run really fast then you must have the name LASSIE, ie Lassie Viren or HAILE GEBRESLASSIE, and of course there was the very famous LASSIE the dog who was not only a Hollywood star but could also run abit!

Tuesday, 23 December 2008

UNLOCKED, THE INCREDIBLE TRUTH ON HOW TO RUN FASTER, EVERY DISTANCE FROM 100M TO THE MARATHON GUARANTEED!

READ


How to create speed in running - Jack Nirenstein

Running--Just Undo It is a revolutionary book that will make major changes to the way everyone runs. Jack Nirenstein's claim that all running records were broken by using his technique is not a gimmick to sell his book. The technique the record holders won with is the basic technique of the Nirenstein method. What they did was drop their feet at a shorter forward reach, on average, than anyone else in the race. They beat the previous record-holders the same way.

Nirenstein's book is opposite to the other techniques that have been published. They tell you to extend your stride by pushing back harder at the ground to run faster. Nirenstein contends that it is impossible to push back at the ground while running. The front muscles of the leg that cross the knee push the foot down and forward to support and to toss the body up. Everyone tries to push back at the ground, but it never happens. The part about the longer stride making you run faster is also not true. The longer you reach ahead, the slower you run.

According to the author, the fact is that if you are not falling forward, you can't be moving forward. Only gravity can make you fall forward and increase your speed. Your sense of balance anticipates whether where you land will make you fall. It won't let you shorten your reach unless you are doing the right things to exchange your feet in time to keep you from falling. You are jumping straight up while you are falling to keep you level with the ground. There is a lot you must know about form before you start to train. Every one of the techniques in the Nirenstein book must be used or you could be derailed from running.


Sunday, 30 November 2008

HOW THE GREATEST RUNNING COACHES IN THE WORLD GOT IT TERRIBLY WRONG!

In his book Jack Nirenstein proves how the greatest minds in running got it terribly wrong when they told us to push off the grounded leg to run faster .

If you really think you can push yourself along with your leg muscles try these two simple tests;
1, stand on one leg, now push as hard as you can with your leg muscles.
2, Stand a foot away from a wall now lean into it, feel gravity pressing you into the wall, now exert maximum leg power, can you feel any extra force against the wall.
WANT TO FIND OUT MORE THEN READ HIS BOOK BUY

Sun 30th Fartlek Run with Sarah and Jon, sandhill 6 = 1.03
Sat 29th Big Sandhills, running through the mist, this was one of the coldest days for a long time, hard work. = 2.00
Fri 28th core training
Thur 27th Robs session = 50 mins
Wed 26th Steady run big sandhills = 1,25
plus run with Niz = 26.30

WHO SAYS YOU CAN'T TEACH

AN OLD DOG NEW TRICKS

Tue 25th Club fartleck session
After getting advise from
Adarian of NLAAF and also reading JUST UNDO IT I was now running without sciatic pains for the first time since I started running 15 years ago !
In a way I feel a bit pissed off that I was given such bad advise in the past, anyway I was absolutely flying along in the club session, reaching a max of 14.6 mph on the last 1/2 mile effort! A few people must have wondered how I had got so quick so suddenly! Well the answer is in the book my friend, I will tell no more, after all I have done months of homework to come up with answers to run faster! So you can do a bit of homework yourself! check out NLAAF and read Jack Nirenstein's book

I increased the length of the run by running down at marathon pace and running home with Rob and Tracey, after leaving Tracey at her house I blasted another 10 mins at marathon pace to take the run out to over 2 hours, a very good day at the office. All that was left to do was a very hard night shift! [8 HOURS OF WEIGHT TRAINING!] am I super duper human or what!!!
Club fartleck session = 2.02

Saturday, 22 November 2008

Jack Nirenstein Gravity Run


Here is a book that could blow your mind and turn your concept on what is correct running form upside down! MORE BUY
Sun 23rd NIZ'S EPIC RUN
It took a bit of persuading to get Niz to run this afternoon, strong gusting winds and squally showers and hell stones made for a tough time out on the sandhill 6. Niz is training for a X/C next Saturday and I was impressed how well she coped with the atrocious conditions. Jon, Niz and myself finishing the run in the dark, happy to get back to the warmth of the car. = 1.03

Sat 22nd long steady gravity run over the big sandhills with mad dog! = 2.02
Fri 21st fast steady run =32 mins
Thur 20th Robs session = 1.03
plus gym work out
Wed 19th easy run sandhills = 1.20
plus run with Niz = 34 mins
Tue 18th Club session hills = 1.46
Mon 17th core training

Thursday, 4 September 2008

ROAD RELAY WIN!


I ran a 7.5 mile loop before meeting up with the club for Robs session.
Rob told us that we would be running an unofficial club relay, he split us up into teams of two .
ROB and super vet STEVE JAMES, TRACEY AND PAUL and me and STEADY EDDIE.
We were tohttp://www.np.edu.sg/ict/news/PublishingImages/olc/olympic-runner-copyright4.gif run a half mile loop round the Fisherman's rest pub, taking it in turns, each of us would run a total of 6 laps, so each team would cover 6 mile in total.
We set off, rob shooting off like a scolded cat! I dug deep and just about managed to hold him, with a 100m to go i was a few strides behind him, but gave it every thing to sprint up to him at the change over point, now STEVE JAMES and STEADY EDDIE sprinted off with TRACEY just a few yards behind!
We jogged around nervously waiting for our team to come into view, Eddie had put in a fantastic effort and pulled about 5 secs out of Steve, as Eddie came along side me I sprinted off on my second lap, Eddie had got us the psychological advantage, this time I felt the pressure of not wanting to let Eddie down. i tried to relax and felt much better hitting 12 mph on the slight downhill sections, with a 100m to go i sprinted all out, keeping Rob in second place!
At last I got ready for my last lap, Eddie came into view with a good lead, as soon as he came along side I sprinted off, I knew Rob was still a danger and as I reached the last corner I could hear rob's foot steps closing in on me, one final all out sprint and I held our lead over the finish line!
1st team Eddie and me, 2nd rob and steve, 3rd tracey and paul.
i reckon we covered the 6 miles in about 33 mins, It was a great idea of Rob's to hold the relay and turned the interval session into really good fun!
Maybe next time , seeing that we are running the loops starting and finishing at a pub we could have a beer and road running relay, drinking a pint each time we finished a lap, now that really would be interesting! hic!!!
6x 1/2 mile
= 1 hour 45 mins

Monday, 11 August 2008

White Man CAN Run--Jon Brown Interview

Lydiard Foundation Blog

In: News Releases -- Posted: 8/11/2008 11:08 PM -- By: Nobby Hashizume

Chris Kelsall had interviewed great Jon Brown of formerly Great Briton, and now Canada, twice for FloTrack. They are definitely a must-read...

When I first came to the US, I was really excited to read all the articles about all the great runners in various running magazines. The very first English running magazine I picked up was "The Runner" magazine with Kenny Moore on the front cover. I still remember; there was an article about running economy/form written by none other than Frank Shorter! The more I read, however, the more I realized that perhaps the most variable articles we can find are interviews or ones written by the actual athlete/coach. Often articles written by reporters can be dramatized or interpreted wrongly. I remember one interview with Ron Clarke; he was talking about training 3-times a day. He said something like; "I tried it once and didn't like it so stopped doing it..." In Japan, the source said, gloriously, how Clarke trained 3-times a day, everyday... This is why I loved legendary books by Australian, Brian Lenton; he's published several books, all interviews, such as "Through the Tape" and "Off the Record". These are absolutely priceless--these are "their own words".

Today, this is what Chris Kelsall of Victoria is attempting. He's been interviewing many coaches and athletes; many of our own Lydiard Foundation people like Lorraine Moller and Rod Dixon. I particularly enjoyed the ones with Jon Brown (Part I and Part II).

We came to get acquainted with Jon when Rod Dixon and myself flew to Victoria, BC, to conduct Lydiard Part I Certificate Program last November. Jon Brown of England had been spending quite a bit of time in Victoria, training, and Chris, as forward as he is, "dragged" Jon to come join us for thte clinic. A big running enthusiast like myself knew all about Jon Brown--in my opinion, Jon Brown is probably one of the most unrecognized and unappreciated athletes around. Having finished fourth in thte Olympic marathon twice in the recent years; that itself is as great of a feat as it can be! May not have brought a hardware; but it takes a very special individual to peak so right, twice, and fought his guts out against some of the best African runners (in Sydney) as well as some of the speedsters (in Athens). He was also one of the finalist in the epic 10,000m in 1996 at Atlanta where Gebriselasie of Ethiopia and Kenya's great Tergat fought the Titanic battle. Jon, in my opinion, deserves hell of a lot more recognition and appreciation.

At first, I was somewhat spectical to invite him to the Lydiard clinic. I didn't want to bring a Big Name just because he/she is a big name. This is Lydiard Foundation event; we need someone who would represent Lydiardism. A few weeks before we were to fly up to Victoria, Chris called me up and said that I'd be on the radio with Jon Brown. I was in New York for the NYC marathon/U.S. Olympic marathon trial. So I was to call in and my talk be recorded while Jon would actually visit the studio and they will put our talk together. That was the first time I actually learnt details about Jon Brown's training (though we have exchanged a few e-mails to make sure he's not particularly "against" Lydiardism). I could not believe how "text book" Lydiard his training philosophy was! Trust me, we did not do any rehearsing to "be politically correct" or do "ne-mawashi" to make sure we'll say the right things. On the clinic day, the same thing, I was actually amazed, aside from how down-to-earth and such a gentleman Jon is, how straight forward same principles his training was with Lydairdism. Long aerobic running first to build the foundation--hill training to develop power and flexibility--then limited but well-calculated quality training (anaerobic/speed training) to sharpen up and peak on the right time... There's nothing magical about it. Lydiard has already laid it all out for us. All we need to do is to understand the principles of it and excute it; and the results will follow.

There are people out there who get all bent out of shape and say, "But look what Bekele is doing, or Abera was doing--that's nothing Lydiard!" Their thinking is; so Jon Brown "only" finished 4th in the Olympic marathon. Therefore, we need to follow what Abera was doing--less mileage and high quality (though none of us really know what those Ethiopians are doing). Well, all the power to them. Lydiard always said that, we don't need to look at what those champion runners are doing today. What we really need to learn is what they were doing 10 years ago. The story of Jon Brown is, once again, text book success story, as far as I'm concerned. He was already a very good runner at 19 with 13:30 for 5000m. Then he shifted his focus to more "physiologically sound" training principles. He not only ran 13:19 and 27:18 for 10,000 as well as sub-2:10 marathon, he also improved his 1500m time as well! This says something. If you still think you need to run 60-second 400m repeats (like Bekele does, some claims...) day after day after day; all the power to them. But I'd rather look at the sound training program so we can improve upon where we are today. "If you want to find someone very talented, it's not that difficult," Lydiard used to say. "You can go do some local races and pick the kid who finshes first." No brainer. "But to make something greater out of ordinary runner, it takes sound training program and good coaching." THAT is what we are interested in.

By the way, we have the recording of Jon Brown's opening statement at last November's Victoria clinic as well as Nobby/Jon Brown radio gig on our audio-library. They will be added to soon-to-come audio library on this website; so stay tuned!


Monday, 30 June 2008

EXCITING NEWS

I will soon be testing out the NEW prototype HEALUS running shoe, Adri Hartveld tells me I will be able to run faster in them than a normal trainer. i will let you know what they are like as soon as they come through the post, watch this space!


click here for video

Revolutionary running shoe

European 5000m record holder Dave Moorcroft tries out a radical new running shoe.

It's been developed by marathon runner and physiotherapist Adri Hartveld who has over 25 years experience in dealing with sports injuries.

He came up with the idea of the Healus Running Shoe - a design comprised of a base shock plate and heel-less sole which minimises heal strike impact - based on his own experiences and from the athletes he has helped treat.

Dave Moorcroft is surprised with the results when he takes the Healus onto the track!

HEALUS SHOE VIDEO

Friday, 27 June 2008

DRY RUN!


I decided to get my long run in tonight as I'm watching my wife NIz run in a mini TRI event tomorrow,which should be fun! only problem is am working night shift so might not get any sleep untill tomorrow night! The rain cleared by 5pm to give me a dry run over the sandhills, felt tired after Wednesday's race and yesterdays interval session so kept the pace on the easy side, = 1.45